Detecting Attackers with State Estimation

The Threat of Sensor Spoofing in Sophisticated OT Malware

Advanced industrial malware (like Stuxnet) manipulates physical processes while forging normal sensor telemetry to keep human operators unaware of impending equipment damage.

Principles of Physics-Based State Estimation

Stefan Stephenson-Moe explains how mathematical state estimation models calculate expected physical system behaviors based on physical laws (such as thermodynamics and fluid dynamics).

Detecting False Data Injection Attacks

By comparing real-time sensor measurements against estimated physical states, anomaly detection algorithms identify discrepancies caused by manipulated sensor packets.

Implementing State Estimation on Modern PLCs

The author demonstrates practical implementations running on edge controllers, providing a resilient layer of physical process verification.